Change-speed transmission



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July 11, 1944- o. H. BANKER 2,353,137

CHANGE SPEED TRANSMISSION Filed March 17, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 July 11, 1944. o. H. BANKER CHANGE SPEED TRANSMISSION Filed March 17, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 glsfaf //Q/Zef f @www @ffy n@ EN www.

Sm n o@ www www Plantea July 11, 1944 l 2.853.187 CHANGE-snap 'raANsmssyloN Oscar E. Banker, Evanston. lli., assignoeto New Products Corporation, Chicago. lil., a corporation of Delaware Application March l'l, IMI, Serial No. 888,775

'17 Claims. (Cl. 'll- 472) This invention has to do with change-speed apparatus for drivingly connecting rotatable drive and driven members for rotation in difierent speed ratios, and relates particularly to such an apparatus suitable i'or use between the engine and running gear of a motor vehicle, though not restricted to this use, and to controls for the apparatus. l

A n object of this invention is the provision o! power transmission apparatus in which a coupling such as a fluid flywheel is employed with a plural power train change-speed transmission wherein a lower ratio train includes toothed members ineshable to mobilize such trainl and demeshable to demobilize the same and an overrunning clutch that adapts this train to remain mobilized while a higher ratio train is established in, operation, together with means i'or contravening the loading ofthe lower ratio train by torque normally impressed thereon from said coupling, when the higher ratio train isnot in operation. to relax said lower ratio train and thus 'facilitate the meshing and demeshing of the toothed members.

*Another object is the provision of apparatus as the above, wherein the loadcontravening means is operable to impart retrograde rotation to the drive part of the overrunning clutch relatively to the drivenI part thereof as a step in relaxing the power train.

' Another object is the provision in a changespeed transmission power train mobilizable by the meshingof meshable toothed members and having therein an overrunning clutch unit. of means associated with the meshable-members to cause these members to relatively rotate, pursuant to meshing, and in such direction as is permitted by the overrun of said overrunning clutch; and the invention further contemplates such relative rotating'means associated with the toothed members and overrunning clutch of apparatus according to either of the two foregoing objects. Still another object is the provision in power transmission apparatus4 in which a starting power train is provided with an overrunning clutch and toothed members meshable to lmobisaid train, of throttle responsive means operable to place one of the parts of said clutch in an overrun condition with respect to the other for relaxing the power train to facilitate meshin g and demeshing of said toothed members.v

. Another object is the provision in power transmission apparatus wherein a starting power train, including an overrunning clutch and meshable mobilizing means, is normally impositively loaded when mobilized though not in operation, of throttle controlled means for constraining such loading and for overrunning the drive part of the overrunning clutch with respect to the driven part thereof to relax said power train whereby said mobilizing means may be readily meshed or demeshed. In this respect the invention particularly contemplates a motor vehicle installation operable upon closure oi the engine throttle, in stopping the vehicle, to relax the starting power train whereby this train may be easily disconnected and connected alain. when desired.

Another obiect is the provision of power transmission apparatus wherein an overrunning clutch is common to a forward starting train and a reverse starting train in each oi which there are meshable means for controlling the mobilization of these trains. and means for rotating the drive part of the overrunning clutch backwardly to relieve the loading of either train and to retain said drive part in the backwardly rotated position against the impositivo urge of a s vision ot power transmission apparatus in which power is transmitted from a throttle controlled engine through a coupling device such as a i'iuid coupling to an automatic change-speed transmission wherein a change from a lower ratio power train to alternative power trains of progressively higher ratio is brought about by causing deceleration of an engine-driven one of complemental meshable parts to synchronism with another to result in their meshing so the former can drive the latter and wherein selection of the higher ratio trains is effected by actuation of a selector clutch associated therewith, the apparatus including throttle responsive synchroniser means operable when the engine throttle is closed to brake said enginedriven meshable part and thus shorten its deceleration period. and means operable under control of axthrottie control member to cause wherein the synchronizer brake is operable upon the closing of the vehicle engine throttle to decelerate the drive part of the overrunning clutch and ultimately rotate the same backwardly with respect to theF driven part thereof wherefore each time the vehicle is brought to rest said starting train will be releaxed to facilitate meshing or demeshing of the mobilization control means. y

Additional desirable objects, ancilatory to those above recited. and others inherent in and encompassed by this invention will subsequently become apparent.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary view partly in section and taken substantially upon a plane extending axially through' power transmission apparatus embodying one form of this invention;

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of linkages respcnsive to both manual and speed responsive controls for adjusting the connections of the transmission power trains:

Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view looking forwardly substantially upon the line 8-3 of Fig. l and illustrating synchronizer brake mechanism to expedite shifting ofthe transmission power trains and to insure release of overrunning clutch means in certain of the power trains whereby these power trains will be released when the apparatus is not in use.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary view, partly in section, of clutch teeth having their ends bevelled for causing relative rotation thereof in a direction determined by the character of such bevelling pursuant to meshing of these teeth, the view on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1; 5 is a perspective view, partially'diagrammatiaillustrating bevelling at the ends of teeth upon axially meshable reverse train gears employed intransmission of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6 is a panoramic view taken at the section A-B-C-D in Fig. 5 and in the direction of the arrows 3 4;

'Figs'. '7. 8 land 9 are views corresponding to Fig. 6 but illustrating respectively dlerent arrangements of gear tooth bevels for causing relative rotationA of the gears in a direction facilitating meshing oi' the teeth;

Fig. 10 is an elevational view of a governor controlled linkage for operation of one of the cams in Fig. 2:

Fig. 11 is an yelevational view of a modified form of transmission apparatus embodying a form of thepresent invention, parts being broken away and other parts being shownin section for clarity; and

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary view partly in section illustrating bevelled ends upon a jaw clutch of the apparatus shown in Fig. 10, and taken upon the line |2-I 2 in that figure.

Both forms of transmission apparatus herein disclosed are designed especially for use upon motor vehicles. The first embodiment, nowv to be described with reference to Figs. lto 10, includes a uid coupling C.. of which the impeller part IU is connectible Iby means such as bolts with an engine crankshaft I2. The hub I3 for the runner or driven element |4 of the coupling C is splined at I5 to a hub portion I6 of a brake drum I1, and a second hub portion I8 of this brake drum is splined to a transmission drive shaft I9 at a splined section 2|) thereof, whereby the runner I4 is connected with said transmission drive shaft. While the present embodiment employs a fluid coupling between the engine motive vehicles.

4speed or direct drive connection of this transcrankshaft i2 and the transmission drive shaft It, it should be understood that other forms of clutch or coupling devices, particularly speed responsive friction or electromagnetic clutches, may be used in lieu of the fluid coupling although such fluid coupling is preferred because of its simplicity of construction. and its speed responsive characteristics permitting initial slippage re- Sulting in higher engine speeds and corresponding higher torque, facilitating the starting of a vehicle upon which the apparatus may be installed through a higher speed ratio power train than the lowest of available power trains, under normal starting conditions.

The drive shaft I9 is connectible through change-speedv gearing generally designated T enclosed within a egear box 2| and for turning a driven shaft 22, the shafts I8 and 22 being Journalled in bearings 23 and 24 in the front and back walls of the gear box 2|, and the front end of the driven shaft 22 having a bearing section 2B of reduced diameter piloted within a bearing cavity 2B in the back end of the drive shaft and Journalled therein upon a set of needle bearings 21 according to standard practice.

Said gearing T has one reverse power train and four forward drive power trains of which the speed ratio is suitable for use in combinationv with a "geared-up differential such as that used in association with the rear axle shafts of auto- When this transmission is employed in combination with such a geared-up differential the first, second and third speeds which are obtained through power trains including speed reduction gearing respectively corre- `spond to the first, second and third speeds (ofwhich the third is obtained by a direct connection of the drive and driven shafts) of a conventional three-speed transmission with a conventionally geared diiferential. whereas the fourthmission corresponds to a fourth or overdrive con.P

nection of such a conventional transmission when operating with an overdrive device of well-known character.

'I'he rst speed power train comprises a gear 28 integral with the drive shaft i8 and meshed with a countershaft gear 2t which has a sleeve like hub 30 journalled by means of needle bearing sets 3| and 32 upon a countershaft bearingvrod 33 suitably anchored in the ends of the gear box. Power is transmitted from the gear 2l through an overrunning clutch I4 including a drive ring 35, clutch rollers 3l and a normally driven actuator member 31 operative to wedge the rollers against the ring when the latter tends to rotate counter-clockwise (as viewed from the front) relative to said actuator member. This" actuator member 31 is integral with a long sleeve shaft 38 which is journalled upon the rod Il by needle bearing sets 39 and 40. The transfer' v of power continues through a jaw clutch 4I comprising a driving part of clutch teeth 42 arranged circumferentially about the sleeve Il, a driven part comprising circumferentially arranged teeth 43 upon a sleeve 44 and a clutch ring 45 having internal teeth mutually mesh'-- able with the teeth 42 and 42 by sliding said ring forwardly to connect the sleeve 44 for rotation' with the sleeve 38. A groove 46 in the ring 4l, facilitates axial sliding of this ring by means of a shifter fork 41 shown in Fig. 2. When the clutch 4| is disengaged the sleeve 44 is freely rotatable about the sleeve 3l whereon it is car'- rled by needle bearing sets 4I and 4l. Said rst speed power train is mobilized when the teeth of the clutch 4| are meshed. Thus a gear 59 integral with the sleeve 44 is driven through said clutch and drives a gear 5| which is journalled at its hub 52 upon a hub 53 of an actuator. member 54 comprising a part of an overrunning clutch unit 55. This overrunning clutch unit includes clutch rollers 56 and a drive ring 51 integral with said gear 5| as well as said ac-/m' tuator member 54 which is splined at 58 to the 10 driven shaft 22. The actuator member 54 lhas cam faces (not shown) so disposed that the gear 5| and ring 51 will be effective when rotated clocLkfwise as viewed from the front for causing the iollers to wedge' into driving relation between sai l, ring and actuator member so the shaft 22 will driven from the gear 5|.

The second speed power train includes the drivekhaft gear 28, the countershaft gear 28, overrunning/clutch 34, sleeve 38, a gear 59 integral with said sleeve 38,\a gear 69 meshed with said gear 59 and journalled upon the driven shaft 22, and a jaw clutch 6| including a driving component of teeth 62 upon the gear 69 and teeth 63 upon a ring 64 splined at 65 to the driven shaft 22 and slidable axiallyof said shaft for meshing and demeshing the said teeth. When the clutch 6| is engaged the second speed/ power' train will be established and during operiation of this second speed power train the driven shaft will rotate faster than the gear 5| as permitted by the overrunning clutch 55 while the clutch 4| remains engaged for maintaining 'the first speed power train mobilized.

Third speed is obtained when the clutch 6| is disengaged and a clutch 66 is engaged. Clutch 66 comprises clutch teeth 61 and 68 which are respectively upon the back end of a ring 69, splined at 19 to the back end of the drive shaft I9, and upon the front face or end of the gear 69. Hence when the clutch 66 is engaged and the clutch 6| disengaged power may be transmitted from the drive shaft to the driven shaft through the third speed power train comprising said clutch 66, gears 69 and 59, clutch 4|, gears 59 and 5| and the overrunning clutch 55 to the driven shaft. Meanwhile the actuator member 31 of the overrunning clutch 34 will be rotated faster than the clutch ring 35 as permitted by the rollers 36.

Fourth speed is obtained by connecting the drive and driven shafts |9 and 22 for rotation in unison and the power train for accomplishing this is established by concurrent engagement of the clutches 6| and 66, power then being transmitted from the drive shaft through said clutch 66, the hub of gear 69, clutch 6|, and its splined member 64 to the driven shaft 22. Concurrently the actuator member 31 of overrunning clutch 34 will be driven at an overspeed with respect to the clutch ring 35 as permitted by the clutch rollers 36 and the actuator member 54 of the overrunning clutch 55 will be driven at an overspeed with respect to the gear 5| as permitted by the rollers 56.

The reverse power train includes the gears 28 and 29, overrunning clutch 34, sleeve 38, gear 59a splined to the sleeve 38 at 69h, an idler gear 1| shown in full lines in Fig. 2 and in broken lines in Fig. 1, and a gear 12 splined at 13 to the driven shaft 22. The idler gear 1| is freely rotatable and axially slidable upon a countershaft 14 which is parallel with the shaft 22 but disposed to the right of the gears 69a and 12, as viewed from the front, wherefore the gear 1| is shown ,forwardly for engaging the clutch 6|.

in broken lines in Fig. l. When the idler gear 1| occupies a forward position, illustrated in Fig. l, upon its shaft 14 the reverse train is disconnected, but is connectible or establishable when the gear 1| is slid rearwardly mutually into mesh with the gears 69a and 12. Sliding of the gear 1| is accomplished by means of a shifter fork 15 which rides within the groove 16 circumscribing a hub extension of the gear 1| and having a. hub portion 11 slidable lengthwise of a shifter fork rod 18. I

Normally in the operation of this apparatus the transmission gearing will be connected for starting the vehicle forwardly by means of the second speed train and after the vehicle has attained a selected speed in excess of a predetermined minimum at which speed-responsive means presently to be described is operable to enable establishment of the third or fourth speed power` 'one end, 8|, of a short radius section 82 of a slot S in the cam plate 89 into registry with a stud 83 incident to camming said stud forwardly. Said stud 83 is mounted upon the hub of the shifter fork 41 so that incident to such forward movement of the stud this shifter fork will -be slid forwardly upon the rod 18 and thereby en-l gage the clutch 4| for mobilizing the first speed power train. Rotation of the cam plate 89 to position F will also displace a long radius profile section 84 of said cam from engagement with a stud 85 which is mounted in the lower end of an arm 86 and spring-pressed against the edge of said cam plate. A short radius prole section 81. of the cam plate will be carried into registry with said stud 85 so that a shaft 88 upon which the arm 86 is xed can pivot clockwise under the influence of a spring as that shown in broken lines at 89 in Fig. 1. This spring 89 is wrapped about the shaft 88 and has one end section 99 which reacts against the top of the gear box while an opposite end section 9| acts upon the hub of a shifter fork 92 for rotating such fork and the shaft 88 clockwise, the arrangement being as that illustrated more fully in my co-pending application Serial No. 357,388. The legs of this shifter fork carry pins 93 projecting into diametrically opposite portions of a groove 94 in the clutch ring 64 whereby the clockwise movement of said shifter fork will slide the ring 64 If the teeth 63 happen to be axially aligned with the spaces `between the teeth 62 the clutch 6| will engage immediately upon rotation of the cam plate 89 to position F, but, if the teeth 63 and 62 are axially aligned, the opposed ends of these teeth will be pressed into abutting relation by the spring 89 so the clutch will later engage upon the initial rotation of the drive shaft I9 when operatively connected with the engine.

It will be further observed that upon rotation of the cam plate from the neutral N to the forward position F, an arcuate section 95 ofthe slot S will slide idly past a stud 96 mounted in the lower end of an arm 91 which is pivoted upon the shaft 88. There is a link 88 connecting the stud with a pin 00 in an arm |00 which is pivotally connected with the gear box by means of a pin |0|. disposed Ibetween bosses |02 and |03 on the hub '11 of the reverse train shifter fork 15, so that if the stud 00 were to be cammed backwardly by the plate 00 the arm 01 would be caused to ro- The lower end of said arm |00 is tate counter-clockwise for moving the link 0l rearwardly and pivoting the arm |00 counterclockwise for shifting the fork rearwardly and thus establishing the reverse power train. However, since the stud 00 remains undisturbed at this time the reverse power train will remain disconnected.

Movement of the cam plate from position N to position F carries a shortradius profile sectionv |04 into registry with a stud |05 upon `an arm- |06 fixed upon a cross shaft |01, Figs. 1 and 2,

the usual manner, this driving force being tran mitted through the runner hub I3, the splinedl connections I5 and 20, the transmission drive shaft I0, gears and 20, overrunning clutch I0, z and.. the gears l0 and 00. Should the teeth 00: lol! the Jaw clutch 0| have been axially aligned;

with the end portions of the teeth 02 at the time the cam plate 00 was m'oved from position N to position F so that the spring 00 was effective the gear 00 by the-just traced second speed Powerupon which there is carried a shifter fork |00.

Said-shifter fork |00 is acted upon by a spring |00, shown in broken lines in Fig. 1, coiled about the shaft |01, one end ||0 of the spring reacting v against the upper wall of the gear box while the opposite end is hooked about and acts upon y the clutch 66 or placing the ends 'of the teeth 01 and 08 of this clutch in ratcheting relation should the member 69 be rotating clockwise (as viewed from the front) at a speed in excess of the gear 60 as will be explained presently. However, when the vehicle is at rest as now assumed, a cam plate ||4 fixed upon a sleeve 5 journalled upon the manually controlled shaft 19 presentsa portion of its long radius profile section ||0 in registry with the stud |05 to preclude releaseof said stud at this time.

With the manually operated cam plate 80 now set as described in the forward position F the studs |05 and 9B will therefore be maintained inthe positions shown whereas the stud 85 will have been moved forwardly for engaging the first speed mobilization clutch 4| and the long radius profile section 8l will have been removed from the stud 85 to place the clutch 6| under control of the spring 89. The vehicle is started for-l wardly by depressing the toe portion of an aclcelerator ||1 for accelerating the vehicle engine in the customary manner. The engine throttle',l

(not shown) is operatively connected with th the lever |22a. Means as the contraction springl |22e fixed at its lower end and connected with the link |22b at the opposite end tends to hold this link in the endwise position for closing the throttle. When the toe portion of the pedal I|1 is depressed for opening the throttle and causing the engine to accelerate above idling speed the crankshaft I2 and the impeller |0 of the fluid coupling C will be caused to rotate sutilciently fast for the latter to transmit effective.

driving forceto the coupling driven part I4 in Therefore,

only for bringing the ends of the teeth 00 into abutting relation with the ends of the teeth 02, said spring- 09 will cause the teeth Il to mesh with the teeth 02 upon the initial rotation of train. 'This power train will then be mobilized.

As thevehicle proceeds while driven through the second speed train, a speed will eventually be reached at which the transmission drive shaft l0 'and thebrake drum I1 connected therewith will rotate sufficiently fast for'causing a plurality of centrifugal weights W, of which oneis shown in Fig. 1, to pivot counter-clockwise about their pivotal mountings |23 against the urge of.

a spring SP, Fig. 10, anchored at one end to the gear box by a pin P.' Such pivotal movement of the weights W causes their heel portions |20 to shift the ball bearing unit |25 backwardly against the upper ends of the legs of a fork |20 carried` nonrotatively upon a cross shaft |21 journalled inthe clutch housing |20. This shaft |21 operates a linkage including an arm A fixed to said shaft, a link L, and an arm B fixed to the sleeve I|5 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 10), so that upon the aforesaid operation of the speed responsive device in pivoting the Weights W counter-clockwise the cam plate Ill will be pivoted clockwise for removing its long radius profile section III from registry with the stud |05 while positioning a.

short radius section |29 opposite said stud and thereby placing the shaft |01 and the shifter fork |00 under control of the spring |09 so thatthis spring is then effective for shifting the clutch ring 69 backwardly to place the teeth of, the clutch in ratcheting relation since the drive shaft I9 and the clutch ring 00 non-rotatively attached thereto rotate faster than the gear 60 during operation of the second speed power train. The ends of the clutch teeth 01 and 00 are bevelled in the manner shown to facilitate such ratcheting.

So long as the accelerator pedal ||1 remains depressed at its toe portion the vehicle will proceed Aforwardly while driven in the second speedv train and the clutch teeth 61 will continue ratcheting over the teeth 60. When the operator de-v clutch driving part |0 will decelerate as will the clutch driven part u, the drive shaft lysl and the.

clutch ring 60, while the driven shaft 22 and the gear 60`connected therewith through the clutch,

6| willcontinue rotation at substantially constant speed due to the vehicle inertia. During` this ldeceleration of the engine,. the

50,;meshed with the gear driven member 31 of the overrun the clutch ring clutch rollers 00 and the normally gears 20 and 29 will correspondingly decelerate while the gearl overrunning clutch lNL 35 as permitted by the i0. When the engine slows dOWli sumciently for the clutch ring 53 to synchronize with the gear 50 the spring |03 will slide the teeth 51 into mesh with the teeth 33 for establishing the fourth speed power train, the drive band |3I, Figs.. 1 and 2, frictionall'y engageabl'e the normally driving ring 35 of y with the circumferential periphery of the brake drum |1 for resisting rotation thereof.

Referring now to Fig. 3, the brake band |3| is shown as having upon one end a bracket |32 on which there is an apertured ear |33 wherein there is disposed a bolt |34 which projects through an apertured boss |35 upon the inner side of the clutch casing |28. 'I'he ear |33 is normally held firmly against the face of the boss |35 adjaoently thereto by means of a helical spring |33 about the bolt |34 and exerting expansive force against the opposite face of the boss |35 and a spring bolt by means of'a nut |33. A collar |33 limits the distance the bolt |34 can move endwise in the boss |35 while compressing the spring |35. Upon the opposite end of the brake band |3| there is formed a loop |40 in which there is disposed a pintle member |4|. Abell crank |42 pivotally mounted upon a pin |43 anchored in the clutch casing |23 is connected with the pintle |4| at one of itslegs while the other leg of the bell crank is connected by a link |44 with an '30 seat |31 held in selected position axially ofthe f end of a reciprocal rod |45 which is connected with a motor diaphragm (not shown) within a fluid motor |45. This motor is energizable by a vacuum line connected with a low pressure source as the intake manifold of the vehicleengine, said l line including conduits I 41 and |48 respectively connected with the motor |45 and said low pressure source and through which intercommunication is controlled by a valve '|43. The valve |48 is in turn controlled by the armature of a solenoid |50. the latter being eifective when energized by the passage of an electric current therethrough for moving its armature in a manner to cause communication of said low pressure'source with the motor |45 through the valve |43 and said conduits |41 and |43. 'I'he valve |43 may be of the character shown in detail in my U. S. Patent No. 2,171,534, issued September 5,1939.' When the motor is thus connected with the low be caused to move upwardly whereby the bell crank lever |42 will be rotated counter-clockwise with sufiicient force to cause the band |3| to apply substantial frictional drag'or braking action upon the drum I1 which normally rotates in the direction of the arrow.

The electric circuit for controlling energization ofthe solenoid includes a conductor |5| for connecting one side of a battery|52 or other source of electrical energy with ground, a conductor |53. a switch |54 under the control of the accelerator pedal ||1, a conductor |55, circuit connecting means associated with the vehicle ignition switch |55 and effective to connect the no pressure source, the said diaphragm therein will i conductor |55 with a conductor |51 when said switch |55 is closed, a normally closed switch |53, a conductor |53 between said switch |53 and the solenoid |50, a conductor |50 and a normally closed switch |34 operable when closed to connect the opposite side of the circuit with ground for completing the same. The switch |54 includes contact members |5| and |52 betweenlwhich circuit is closed by a conductor bridging member |53 when the bell crank |20 is rotated counterclockwise to the position shownpursuant to release of the accelerator pedal ||1. The switch |58 comprises a casing |54 mounted upon the gear box 2| and lnsulatively supported terminal members |55-and |55 which are normally mutually engaged by a circuit closing bridge |61 held in the position shown by a spring |53 which is insulated from the casing |54 by an insulator seat |53. A pin |10 is connected with the con.-v ductor bridge |51 by means of an insulator member |1I. A boss |12 abuts against the lower end of the stem |10 to lift the conductor bridge |51 from engagement with the contacts |55 and |55 when the shifter fork |03 is rotated counterclockwise for engaging the clutch 55.

It will be seen therefore that upon release of the accelerator pedal ||1 for initiating the automatic change from second to fourth speeds each of the switches |54, |55, |53 and |34 is closed so the solenoid |50 will be energized for causing application of the synchronizer brake band |3l upon brake drum I1 to quickly decrease, the speed of the clutch ring 53 to the speed of the gear 60 so the clutch 55 will engage for immediate establishment o! the fourth speed train. When this train is established, however, the boss |12 will cause the switch |53 to open wherefore subsequent depression and release oi the pedal I|1 will failto energize the solenoid 50 and the synchronizer brake |3| will not be applied.

While operating in fourth speed the operator may shift to the third speed instantaneously at will by simply depressing the heel portion of the accelerator pedal ||1 whereby a member |13 upon which the pedal ||1 is pivotally mounted, together with a stem |14 connected with-said base member |13, is shifted axially downwardly against-the force of a spring |15 of which the ends bear oppositely against the member |13 and a bracket |15 suitably connected to the underside of a floor board |11- in the driver's compartment of the vehicle. Downward movement of the stem |14 causes pivotal movement vof a lever-|13 for closing a switch generally designated |13 whereby a circuit is closed from. the

ungrounded side of the battery |52 through a conductor |30, said switch |13, a conductor |3|, a solenoidl |32, Fig. 2, and a conductor |33 back to ground for completing the circuit. This solenoid |32 is contained within a casing |34 which issupported by a mounting plate upon the back end of the gearbox 2|. Anarmature- (not shown) under control of the solenoid |32, when thelatter is energized, Ais operable to move a link |35 axially rearwardly'or to the right as viewed in Fig. 2. and in this manner to pivot thearm 35, to which the left end of the link |85 is conunected by a pivot pin |31, counter-clockwisesufficiently to carry the stud 35 into the position shown in Fig.l 2 from the position said stud 35 occupies when engagingl the short radius section 31 of the cam plate 30 while the `latter is in the position F. Such counter-clockwise ro,- tation of the arm 35 causes like rotation of the time, bothv the clutches 0| and .ment of the first the vehicle has thus been started forwardly in the first speed shaft 8l and of the shifter fork l2 against the torce of the spring to disengage the clutch 0|.` Upon this disengagement of the clutch Il while the clutchv l0 is engaged the fourth speed train will be, interrupted and the' third speed .train will be established, power' then being transliitted from the drive shaft I9 through the clutch 0B, gears 00 and l0, jaw clutch 4|. gears 0I and 0| and the overrunning clutch Il to the driven shaft. As soon as this power train is established the gear 'l0 will be rotating faster than the driven shaft to which the clutch ring M is splined wherefore the heel portion of the pedal ||1 may be released to deenergizethe solenoid |02 and permit the spring 00 to press the ends of the teeth 02 and` 02 in ratcheting relation,'the ends of these 'teeth being bevelled as shown to facilitate this ratoheting.

.While the apparatus is connected for operation through the fourth speed train, should the 'vehicle be slowed down to a speed at which the drive shaft I! rotates at a predetermined minimum, the spring SP,' Fig. 10, will cause the weights W to return to the position shown in Fig..

1 and ,also cause the cam lil to rotate counterclookwiseincident to camming the arm |00, the shaft |01 and the shifter fork |00 clockwise for disengaging the clutch 00 whereupon establishment of the second speed power train occurs.

Likewise, while the apparatus is operating through the thirdgspeed power train, when the vehicle slows downto a speed `at which the shaft |l` reaches the aforesaid predetermined minimum the centrifugal force of the lweights W will no longer predominate over the force of the spring SP,- so the latter will rotate the cam for disengagingthe clutch I0. At this time both of the clutches Il and 0| will be disengaged so that establishment of thevilrst speed train will occur. Should the operator. While the vehicle is being driven throughthe second speed train, wish 4to change to theilrst speed train to obtain more driving powerffrom" the engine orto enable him to maneuver the vehicle under closer supervision, he may do so' instantaneously by momentarily depressing the heel portion of the accelerator pedal ||1 for closing the switch |10 and energiz'ing the solenoid |02 to` rotate the arm 0l, the shaft ll and lthe shifter fork 92 counterclockwise for disengaging the clutch 8|. Since the clutch Ii will already be disengaged at this 02 will then be disengaged so that. establishment of the first speed train is immediately obtained. Upon the establishment of this power train the-gear 50 will drive the gear 60 faster than the gear 50 drives the driven shaft 22 through the overrunning clutch Bl wherefore the clutch teeth I2 will ro- .tate lfaster than the teeth so these teeth will simply ratchet harmlesslyf'upon release of the ,-heel of the pedal ||1,and deenergization of the solenoid |02 whereby the spring 00 is again ef- .fective for sliding ,the teeth Il Aaxially against the teeth 02.

If it should be-desired to start the vehicle from rest4 under conditions requiring an unusual amount of driving force vthe heel portion of the pedal ||1 can be depressed immediately after movingthe cam plate 00 to the forward position F wherebythe solenoid |l2-will be energized for declutching the clutch .0| and causing establishspeed train to obtain. After train, the heel portion of the pedal ||1 may be released for .deenergizing the .speed train at will by assale? l l02 will'simply ratchet over'tlie` teeth Il when the spring" is permitted to shift the clutch ring 04 forwardly. However, a shift can be made from the first speed train to the second momentarily releasing the accelerator pedal to permit the engine and the drive shaft i9 to decelerate suillciently for the gear 00 to synchronize with the driven shaft at which time the spring 00 will slide the teeth 02 forwardly into mesh with the teeth l2 to establish the vsecond speed train. the syn chronization period the switch |02 will be closed as will the switches |50, |50 and |04 so the solenoid |00 will be energized for causing application ofthe synchronizer brake band III to expedite synchronization of the driving and driven components of the clutch 0| in the manner abo've described with respectto the corresponding components of the clutch 00. However, when the accelerator is later depressed at its toe portion for taking up the drive through the second speed train it will be noted that the lost-motion 'connection consisting of the pin |22cand the elongated opening |22d will provide -for the switch |03 being opened to release the brake band |3| before the engine throttle is opened so thel action of this brake band will not rst oppose the engine driving force and then quickly release, Ythe engine.

Subsequent to this establishment of the second resulting in a surge o`f power from speed train, the operator may shift automatically -pressing the heel/of the pedal |I1 during the clutches 8| and 66 synchronizing period.

Should it be desired to establish the first speed power train so that no automatic shift can be made to a higher ratio train upon release of the accelerator pedal, the operator in starting the vehicle will rotate the manually controlled plate 00 from position N beyond position F to a position E. Upon completion of this movement a long radius profile portion |90 will be in registry with the stud |05 to hold the clutch 60 disengaged sufficiently to permit the ratcheting of the teeth 01 over the`teeth 80 but not suillciently to let the teeth 68 rotate clockwise with the gear I0 (as viewed from the front) past the teeth I1 to vinsure no accidental closing movement of the clutch 'l0 while the teeth 68 are moving clockwise faster than the teeth 61 with a resulting clash and possible injury to the apparatus. The stud 06 will remain in the position shown since the slot sec- =tion 95 will have slid idly past it wherefore thel reverse idler gear 1| will remain in the unmeshed position. 'I'he stud 83 at the end of this rotation of the cam plate will be at the clockwise end of the `arcuate slot section 02 so the shifter fork 41 will be in its forward position and will have closed the first speed jaw clutch 4|. The counter-clockwise end portion of a long radius profile section |9| of said cam plate 00 will be in registry with the stud for holding the clutch 0| disengaged. Therefore. with the clutch 4| engaged andthe held out of engagement the rst'speed train will be established and it will be impossible to establish any of the higher ratio trains. A lobe |92 will at this time be in position to press against a stem I of the switch |84 to open said switch and thus preclude application of the synchronizer brake band vIII upon release'of the accelerator pedal. While operating in the emergency position E of the plate I and through the ilrst speed train, the operator can at any time shift the plate to position F to cause the switch |24 to close and to otherwise condition the control apparatus for automatically effecting shifts into a the higher ratio powerI trains pursuant upon release of the'accelerator pedal in the manner hereinabove described. l

The reverse power train is established by rotating the cam plate 80 clockwise from position N to position R.. At the end of this rotative movement the stud Ill! will remain upon a section of the long radius profile IBI for maintaining the clutch lO disengaged, while the stud Il will remain upon a section of the long radiusproflle I4 to maintain the clutch II disengaged. The stud l2 will then occupy the position shown in Fig'. 2 for maintaining the clutch 4| disengaged while a more counter-clockwise portion of the arcuate slot section Ol registers therewith. However, the stud Il will have been actuated by an outwardly curved portion l lof the slot S to rotate'the arm' 91, which is pivoted upon the shaft Il, counterclockwise while moving the link 98 rearwardly endwise for pivoting thearm |00 counter-clockwise and thus shifting the fork and reverse idler gear 1I rearwardly whereby this idler gear is meshed with the reverse train gears a and 12. clutches 68, 6I and 4| are now disengaged, the tall shaft 22 will be caused to rotate reversely vor in the counterclockwise direction as viewed from the front when the pedal ||1 is pressed for accelerating the engine and the impeller element It of the clutch C to impart rotative force Ix the driven element I4 and thence to the drive shaft I9. The power train is continued through the gears 2l and '29, overrunning clutch I4, sleeve shaft 2Q and the gears 48a. 1| and 12 to the tail o r driven shaft 22.

When, for'example, an'engine-driven vehicle upon which this transmission apparatus is in-A stalled is brought to rest in the normal manner with the first, second or reverse trains mobilized, there is a tendency for the impositively driven impeller I4 to transmit torque through the mobilized of these trains to the load or road wheels and thus maintain such train loaded whereby the tion, but when the drum cornes to rest the tendency of the motor |46 in acting through the bell crank |42 to rotate the bandISI clockwise willv no longer be opposed by the inertia of the drum and its frictional engagement with said band whereupon the force of the motor will predominate over that of the spring |36 and therefore rotate the band |3| clockwise incident to drawing the bolt |34 endwise through the apertured boss 'III while compressing the spring |36. The frictional engagement between the band |3| and the drum I1 will be sufllcient for this backward rotation of said band to effect back rotation of the drum I1 and hence of the shaft I9 and the gears 28 and 2! and the clutch drive ring 35 whereby this ring 35 will overrun the actuator member 31 which is then connected with the road wheels and prevented from backward rotation. Consequently Since the the clutch rollers 3B will be declutched and the loaded power train relaxed, that is. backlash will be created with respect to the teeth of the meshed toothed members therein as of the clutch 4I so they lmaybe easily disengaged and reengaged.

In Fig. 4, the back ends of the clutch teeth n and the front ends or the teeth m upon the internal periphery ring will--be seen to be bevelled. Such bevelling of these teeth in the clutch 4| is in the direction that the teeth |80 when moved forwardly for engagement of the clutch, if not aligned between the' spaces betweenV 4the teeth 4,2, will cam said teeth 42 in the direction to rotate the sleeve I8 and hence the actuator member 31 counter-'clockwise as viewed from the front and as permitted by the clutch rollers I6 from which the load V will have been removed by the backward rotation of the brake drum I1 at the time the vehicle was brought to rest. Each time the accelerator pedal is rcleased, while the cam It is in position F and while the first or second train is established, the brake band III 'will be actuated to rotate the 4clutch ring Il' reversely when the clutch C isoperated at idling speed or ata speed insumcient to transmit to the impeller I4 a force couple exceedingthat applied to the I1 by said band4 Ill. Thus. the, action of the synchronizer f brake means in imparting reverse rotation to the drive shaft I! and to the drive ring 25 of .-the clutch $4, incident to the stopping of the and 12 for the reverse train. offers considerable frictional resistance to the manual demeshing operation which is necessary at times. This diillculty is overcome and the remeshing .0f these mobilizing means is made easy by the combined functions of the overrunning clutch 24 and of the synchronizer brake mechanism shownl in Figs.,1 and 3. This brake mechanism, as explained above, is operable toapply the brake band ISI against the drum I1 for decelerating the coupling runner I4, the drive shaft I9l and the drive ring '2l of the clutch I4, and. this brake means is furvehicle subsequent to its operationl through .the first or second speed trains, will so condition.` the first speed` train that the manually operated vclutch 4| for controlling the mobilization thereof can be freely engaged or disengaged at will, and in this function the overrunning lclutch 24 additionalLv cooperates with the bevelled ends yof' teeth in the clutch 4| by permitting counterclockwise rotation of the actuator member I1 while the ring '35 'is held by the synchroniser brake band III against the normal loading torque of the coupling runner I4.

When stopping with the second speed power train established, which power train in the normal operation of this apparatus will be that left established at the time the vehicle is stopped, the drum I1 will be rotated backwardly for rotating the clutch Aring 35 backwardly while the clutch actuator 31. is positively held against rotation by its vehicle running lgear connection including the gears I8 and 60, the engaged clutch II and' thel driven shaft 22. C

The teeth upon the reverse train gears 09a, 1I and=-12 are bevelled upon certain of their ends as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 so that these will cooperate with the unloaded overrunning clutch u in the establishment of the reverse power train similarly to the manner in which the bevelled teeth of the clutch ll cooperate in the establishment of the ilrst speed train. Here 'it will be seen that the forward ends of the teeth upon the reverse gear 12 are slightly backwardly of the forward ends of the teeth uponthe gear "a so that when the idler gear 1| is slid backwardly for mutual mesh with the gears 69a and 12 the teeth of gear 1| will rst mesh with those of the gear 69a and then with those of the gear 12. Since the idler gear 1| is freely rotatable upon its shaft 14 it can rotate in either direction for meshing with the gear 69a. In the meshing operation illustrated in Fig. 6 the demeshed teeth of gear 1| are shown in such axial alignment with the teeth upon gear 69a that upon movement of the gear 1| rearwardly it will be caused to rotate clockwise by the camming of the bevel faces at the rear ends of its teeth upon the bevel faces at the front ends of the teeth on gear 88a whereby the teeth of gear 1| will be moved into the dotted line positions preparatory to sliding into mesh with the teeth of gear 12. Following rearward movement of the teeth on the A gear 1| as far as indicated by the dotted lines,

these teeth will of course be aligned with spaces between the teeth on the gear 69a and addition rearward movement of this gear 1|, in the example shown in Fig. 6, will cause the bevel ends of the teeth thereon to engage similar ends upon the forward ends of the teeth of gear 12 whereby the gear 1| will be caused to rotate clockwise and impart counter-clockwise rotation to the gear a with which the teeth on gear 1| are partially meshed. This clockwise rotation of the gear 1| and counter-clockwise rotation of the gear 89a is permitted by the clutch rollers 28 which at this time will be held released from the driving relation betweenthe drive and driven members SI and 31 as above described. It will be noted that following the initial meshing relation of the teeth upon gears 1| and 88a the bevelling upon the teeth of gears 1| and 12 is such that if the relative rotative position of said gears 1| and 12 is any other than exists when the teeth on these fgears are respectively aligned with the spaces between the teeth on the other, the bevel ends of these teeth will coact for causing the aforesaid clockwise rotation of the gear 1| and counter-clockwise rotation of the gear 69a as permitted by the overrunning clutch 34. But in Athe special case when the teeth of gear 1| are aligned with the spaces between the teeth upon rthe gear 12 at the time that said gear 1| is moved rearwardly to the dotted line position. the teeth of the gears 1| and 12 will readily mesh without incurring gear rotation.

Counter-clockwise rotation of the countershaft reverse gear 68a in the manner aforesaid during meshing movement of the reverse idler 1| can be obtained by arranging the reverse gears as illustrated in Fig. 'I which corresponds to Fig. 6.

In this arrangement the tail shaft gear is placed forwardly of the gear 69a so it will be engaged ilrst by the rearwardly moved gear 1|. In moving the gear 1| rearwardly it will either move to the position shown by dotted lines without incurring rotation, in the event its teeth align with the spaces between the teeth on gear 12, or it will be rotated counter-clockwise to such dotted line position by the camming of its bevelled tooth end facesagainst the bevelled end faces of the teeth on the gear 12. In either case the teeth of gear 1| will be partially meshed with the teeth spaces between the teeth of gear 89a or will cam said gear 69a counter-clockwise by the action of the opposed bevelled ends of the teeth on these gears, as permitted by the overrunningv clutch ll.

In Fig. 8 there is still a diiferent arrangement of the bevelling of the teeth upon the reverse gears 69a, 1| and 12. As in Fig. 6 the countershaft gear 89a is disposed forwardly of the tail shaft gear 12, but the bevel upon the teeth of the gear 89a is opposite to that shown in Fig. 0, and this makes it possible to diminish the distance the gear 89a projects forwardly of the gear 12 as presently explained. Upon an initial backward movement of the idler gear 1| its bevelled tooth ends will cam along the points at the front. ends of the teeth on the gear a to a transitory position shown by the dotted lines. Had the gear 1| occupied 'a rotative position slightly counter-clockwise (as viewed from the front) to that illustrated in Fig. 8 the points on the back ends of its teeth would have been in axial registry with the bevelled ends of the teeth on gear 69d so that in this initial backwardly movement of said gear 1| these points of its teeth would have been cammed counter-clockwise along the ends of the teeth on gear 89a, bringing the gear 1| into the same relation with lrespect to the gears 89a and 12 as is illustrated ,by the teeth shown in dotted outline but, of

course, with the teeth on the gear 1| aligned with respectively different spaces between the teeth on the gear 89a without significance. Therefore, upon the attainment of this transitory position shown by dotted lines.'the teeth of gear 1| will be aligned with the spaces between the teeth on the gear 69a, either because of having been initially aligned with these spaces or because of having been cammed clockwise or counter-clockwise bythe action of their bevelled faces and points as above explained. Upon further backward movement of the gear 1I its teeth will either be aligned with the spaces between the teeth of gear with or said teeth will be aligned with the teeth of gear 12 to cause clockwise rotation of said gear 1| as the back ends of its teeth cam along the front ends of the teeth on gear 12 preparatory to the meshing of these gears. This clockwise rotation of the 8ear'1l effects the aforesaid counter-clockwise'rotation of gear a as permitted by the overrunning clutch 34.

It will be obvious that with the bevels at the front ends of the teeth upon gear 89a arranged as in Fig. 8 that no camming action can take place between these teeth and the teeth of the gear 1| after the latter reaches the dotted line position. If, however, the bevels on the teeth of gear 89a were arranged as shown in Fig. 6, it wouldbe possible for the bevelled ends upon the teeth of gears 69a. and 1| to be in opposed contiguous axially alignedv relation when the gear 1| occupies the transitory dotted line posi`v ,tion and under these conditions if the teeth of gear 1| were aligned with teeth of gear 12 so that upon movement of the gear 1| this gear would be held by the gear 12 from rotating, the coaction of the opposed axially aligned bevelled faces of the teeth on the gears 69a and 1| would be such that the gear 89a would be urged clockwise. But since the overrunning clutch 3l would prevent such clockwise rotation the meshing of the gear spaces between the 12 and simply slide into mesh therecontinuedl backward4 completely aligned with the spaces between the teeth gi/the gear 69a. prior to theoccurrenc of any meshing of the gears 1| and 12. r

I'he arrangement of they reverse gears shown in Fig. 9 is like that of Fig. 8 with. the exception that the direction of the bevel of the teeth on the gear 1.| is reversed and the gear 12 is placed forwardly of the gear 09a. Thus when the gear 1| is moved backwardly its teeth rst mesh with or engage 'and mesh with the teeth of the gear 12 whereby they are caused to occupy a transitory position shown by the dotted lines. Upon further backward movement of the gear 1| its teeth will slide into mesh with the'teeth of the gear 69a either from a position in which the teeth of gear 1| are aligned` with the spaces between the teeth of the gear 09a, pursuant to which said gear 69a is not rotated, or, from a This cooperation of the bevel teeth in the' first l speed train of the mobilizing clutch 4| and vin the reverse train of meshable members 69a, 1|

and 12 with the overrunning clutch 34 of which the unloading is automatically controlled by the reversing synchronizer brake mechanism, including the throttle responsive switch |54, enables the operator to quickly manually alternately establish the first speed 'power'train and the reverse power train as is sometimes neces` sary in the manipulation of a vehicle as, for example, when advancing and reversing to maneuver it from close quarters or in obtaining a rocking motion of the vehicle to get it out of slippery ruts' or the like where there is little traction for the road wheels.

Thus I have combined in power transmission apparatus. suitable for use upon a motor vehicle, an impositivo coupling in driving relation with a multi-speed transmission in which overrunning clutch means is employed to enable automatic shifting between power trains, and synchronizing brake means automatically operable un'der control of throttle responsive means for quickly synchronizing the driving and driven parts to-be-connected power trains in the trans- /mission, and the synchronizer brake means being of a character to reversely rotatethe aforesaid overrunning clutch means to free the same of torque from said coupling and thus expedite the meshing and demeshing of means for mobilizing starting trains of said transmission.

Second embodiment hollow shaft 20| journalled inopposite ends ofv the impeller member |0 upon bearing units 202 and 203. A transmission drive shaft I9' has a bearing section 204 of reduced diameter piloted in a rear section of the short hollow shaft 20| upon a set of needle bearings 205.

said hollow shaft 20| has a radial aange :ne upon its back end, and to this flange there is connected by means of a plurality of circumferentially spaced bolts 201 the hub portion of a brake drum I1', an outwardly projecting radial flange |99 of an overrunning clutch drive ring 200 and a circular flange portion 209 of a jaw clut'ch member 2|0 having circumferentially spacedljaw teeth 2||.' An overrunning clutch -unit 2|2 of which the ring 208 is the drive component com- 'prlses an annular actuator member 2|3 and`4 clutch rollers 2| 4* of. the usual character. -The actuator. member 2|3 is splined at 2|5 to the transmission drive shaft |9' whereby power for driving said drive shaft clockwise as viewed from the front is transmittable from the coupling runner |4' through the splined connection 200, shaft 20|, flange 206 of said shaft and theoverrunning clutch unit 2 2.

Planetary change-speed gearing generally designated 2|6 is contained in a gear box 2| 1. This gearing as well as control shafting, clutch means and speed-responsive control means therefore contained in the clutch housing |28 rearwardly of the brake drum I1' is like that shown in Fig. 1 of my United States Patent No. 2,171,534, with the exception of certain details hereinafter specifically pointed out. In view of the'comy plete disclosure of this change-speed gearing in said patent, only the Vgeneral structure and operation thereof will be herein described, the present'invention relating to the combination with this change-speed gearing of the reversing synchronizer brake mechanism disclosed above with respect to the first embodiment and cooperable with the brake drum |1' and the over-running clutch 2|2 and an improved manually operable jaw clutch means presently to be described for connecting the transmission for forward or rever'se drive.

This planetary gearing is disposed in a rotatable carrier 2|8 having a, front spider 2|9 and a back spider 220 in which there are a plurality of paired axially aligned bearing units 22| and 222 in each pair of which there is journalled a shaft 223 on which there is fixed a set of gears 224, 225 and 226. A sun gear 221 fixed to the drive shaftv i9 meshes with the planet gears 225,-

whereas a second sun gear 228 meshes with the planet gears 226, the sun gear 228 being fixed to the driven shaft 229. A third sun gear 230 is journalled upon the shaft I9' and meshes with the planet gears 224. l y

In mobilizing the first speed power train, a clutch ring 23| having internal teeth 232 is shifted rearwardly by means of a manually operable shifter fork 233, to engage ,the teeth 232 with complemental clutch teeth 234 upon the outer ring 235 of an overrunning clutch unit 230 wherein there are clutchrollers 231 which prevent counter-clockwise rotation (as viewed from the front) of an actuator member 238 of said clutch relatively to the ring 235 but permit clockwise rotation of the actuator relative thereto. Said actuator member is fixed upon a forwardly extending hub portion 239 of the planet carrier 2|8. The clutch ring 23| is slidable axially upon and carried by a circular flange 240 projecting forwardly from a wall 24| of the gear box, and said flange has a circumferentially arranged series of teeth 242 which mesh with the teeth 232 of the ring 23|. A plurality of openings as 243 in the wall member 24| and in the base 244 of the flange 248 receive circumferentially spaced rearwardly projecting portions of the ring 23| upon which the teeth 232 are disposed, when the ring 23| is slid rearwardly as aforesaid for meshing the teeth 232 and 234. teeth will connect the clutch ring 235 non-rotatively with the gear box wall 24| through the connection including the ring 23|, the teeth 232 and 242 and the flange 248 which is vconnected with said wall.

After effecting this connection, when the operator accelerates his engine sufficiently above idling speed the clutch impeller I8' will transmit force to the runner I4' to cause the vehicle to be driven forwardly through the first speed power train, this train including said runner |4', the hollow shaft 28|, overrunning clutch 2|2, drive shaft I9', sun gear 221,l planet gears 225. planet gears 226 and the sun gear 228 to the driven `shaft 229. During operation of this power train the planet carrier 2|8 will tend to rotate backwardly or counter-clockwise as viewed from the front, but this is prevented by the over running clutch 236 of which the ring'235 is then clutched tothe gear box. Speed reduction is obtained because of the ratio in diameter of the gears 225 and 221 and in the gears 226 and 228. During operation of the first speed train, the gears 224 and 238 will cause clockwise rotation of a sleeve shaft 245 at reduced speed with respect to the drive shaft I9' andhence with respect to the Jaw clutch drive counterpart 2|8, but when apredetermined minimum speed is reached the shaft 245 and inertia weight carrier 246 nxed thereto will rotate suillciently fast to cause weights W in said carrier to pivot clockwise as viewed in Fig. 11 and whereby their heel portions 241 will act through a. coil spring 248 for yieldingly urging a jaw clutch counterpart 249 forwardly with its teeth 258 in ratcheting relation with the teeth 2|| of the counterpart 2|8. The end faces of the teeth 258 and 2|| are bevelled to facilitate such ratcheting.

Second speed is obtained by releasing the accelerator pedal to permit the vehicle engine, together with the clutch C' and the clutch counterpart 2|8, to decelerate until said counterpart synchronizes with the counterpart 249 which continues rotation-with the vehicle running gear and the planetary gearing 2| 6 at substantially constant speed as permitted by the overrunning clutch 2|2. Y When the clutch counterparts synchronize the teeth 258 and 2|| will mesh for establishing the second speed power train which includes the sleeve shaft 245, gears 230 and 224 and the gears 226 and 228. Meanwhile the sun gear 221 will be driven from the gears 225 at an overspeed with respect to the clutch runner I4' whereby the clutch 2|2 is caused to overrun.

In establishing the third speed power train the accelerator pedal will again be momentarily released to cause a second deceleration of the engine, and hence of the sun gear 238 while the sun gear 228 operates at substantially constant speed because of its connection with the vehicle running gear, and when thisfoccurs the gears 226 will be caused to advance orbitally about the sun gear 226 in the clockwise direction to cause clockwise rotation of the carrier 2|6 and of speed-responsive means (not shown) disposed within a casing 252 that is fixed to said planet carrier. This speed-responsive means is thus actuated for pressing rearwardly upon a spring 253 to yieldingly urge the internal teeth 254 of When thus meshed these- 4 by an intermediate sleeve 258 with a rearwardly a sleeve 255 rearwardly into mesh with the teeth 76 256 of a jaw clutch member 251 splined to the driven shaft 229. This sleeve 255 isvconnected extending hub portion 259 of the carrier 2|! so that when the engine is decelerated sufficiently for the carrier'2l8 to accelerate clockwiseinto synchronsm with the driven shaft 229, the spring 253 will cause the teeth 254 to mesh with the teeth l256, thus non-rotatively connecting the carrier '2|8 with the driven shaft, and lsince the planet gears 226 are meshed with the sun gear 228 the planet carrier and the gearing carried thereby will be locked as a unitary mass coupling the drive sleeve 245 directly with the driven shaft 229 so that there will be a direct driving connection between the clutch runner I4 and the driven shaft 229. A

There is associated with the brake drum` |'1' a brake band |3| corresponding to the brake band |3| described with respect to the flrst embodiment. Operating and control mechanism for this brake band |3|' :similar to that shown in the circuit diagram in Fig. 1 may be provided, there being the exception that the conductor |68, Fig. 1, would not be connected with ground through a switch |94, inasmuch as there is no emergency low speed control mechanism in association with the transmission shown in Fig. 1l that would necessitate a, switch as |94. Therefore, when the accelerator pedal is released in establishing the second speed power train the brake band |3| will be applied, to the drum |1' for expediting synchronization of the clutch munterparts 2|8 and 249, and, likewise, in the shift from the second to the third speed power trains, said brake band |3|' will incur braking action upon the drum |1 to cause faster deceleration of the gear 238 relatively to the gear 228 to expedite increase in speed of the planet carrier to the speed of the driven shaft 229 and hence the engagement of the clutch teeth 254 and 256 for establishing the third speed train.

When the third speed train is established by the rearward movement of the sleeve 255, a pressure ring 260 will be forced rearwardly while acting against the lower ends of the legs on a shifter fork 26| to cause counter-clockwise rotation of this shifter fork as viewed in Fig. 11 and of a cross shaft 262 on which it is mounted, against the force of a spring 265. A lug 263 connected with the hub portion of the shifter fork 26| will be moved forwardly to manipulate an actuator link 264 for opening a switch |58 corresponding to the switch |58 shown in Fig. 1. Therefore upon the establishment of the third speed train the throttle-controlled circuit normally causing application of the synchronizer brake band |3| upon release of the accelerator pedal will be opened to disable said circuit and prevent synchronizing actionof the brake band when such action is not needed or desired.

It will be understood that the third speed traincan ebe disconnected instantaneously by demeshing the third speed clutch teeth 254 and 256 to cause the second speed power train to come into operation, and this may be done by effecting clockwise rotation of the control shaft 262 and of the shifter fork 26| to cause forward movement of the ring 268 and the clutch sleeve 255. Said shaft 262 may be controlled manually and/or by means of a solenoid as |82 in Fig. 2 and a throttle pedal controlled switch as |19 in Fig. l.

To connect the reverse train the clutch ring 23| will be moved forwardly from a neutral position wherein none of the power trains are mobilized to a position in which the forward ends of the teeth232 mesh with teeth 263. In this manner the sleeve shaft 24|, to which a ring 261 carrying the clutch teeth 266 is splined. will be connected in fixed relation with the gear box wall 24| wherefore the sun gear 233 will be constrained against rotation. Following this connection and acceleration of the vehicle engine, driving power will be transmitted from the runner I4' through the overrunning clutch 2|2, the drive shaft |3', and the gear 221 to the planets/ears 226. Since the gear 236 is now held against Vrotation and the ring 236 of the overrunning clutch 236 is disconnected from the gear box, the planet gears 224 will be advanced orbitally about said gear 236 `while rotating the planet carrier 2|6 reversely. or counter-clockwise .as viewed'. from the front. Meanwhile-the planet gears '226 will have caused power to have been transmitted through this power train and that the accelerator pedal has been released in bringing the vehicle to rest, upon this release of the accelerator pedal the synchronizer brake band |3I' causes rapid deceleration of the drum I1' and ultimate reverse rotation of said drum and of the clutch ring 203 to relieve the load from this power train and maintain said power train unloaded by constraining the impositively` urged runner I4 against rotation. 'I'he thus released or unloaded power train will incur no pressure Abetween the teeth 234, 232 and 242 whereby manual disengagement of these teeth for disruptingA the first vehicle running gear, said clockwise rotation of the gear 236 will act through the planet gears 224, 22| and. 226 for causing the sun gear 221 and the clutch actuator' member 2| 3 to rotate clockwise. It will be seen therefore that the bevalling upon the opposed ends of the teeth m' and m 1s such that the reverse tram can always be easily meshed either from the position in which the teeth 232 are aligned with theI .spaces between the teeth 266 or from a position in which they are aligned with said teeth 266. Thus the brake band |3|', in'rotating back- -wardly tov relax the overrunning clutch 2|2 common to the reverse and rst speed trains and thus holding the same relaxed against the impositive force of the runner I4', cooperates with the 'bevelling upon the teethv 234, 232 and 266 to enable either of demobilized. s

There isy no intention of limiting the invention tothe specific embodiments herein shown and described for numerous modiilcations employing the same principlesof operation will be apparent to those skilled in the art, wherefore it should be clearly understood that the invention theseto be easily mobilized'or v extends to other arrangements, details andstructures falling within the spirit thereof.

I claim:

1. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a motor 'with a load, the combination of a changespeed transmission comprising a plurality of difspeed train is easily accomplished. Once the first speed train has been demobilized while the brake band I3I' holds the overrunning clutch ring 208 against rotation, said train will remain relaxed and can again be mobilizedv by shifting the ring 23| rearwardly. Re-meshhg of the teeth 232 and 234 is facilitated by bevelling the back ends of the teeth 232 and the front ends of the teeth 234 as illustrated in Fig. 12 'whereby if these teeth should be axially aligned at the time of meshing, the ring 235 will be cammed counter-clockwise as viewed from the front and as permitted by the cltch rollers 231.

Each time the vehicle engine is accelerated and decelerated by release of the Vaccelerator pedal the drum I1' will be caused to rotate countercloclr-v wise for relaxing the power train in which the apparatus had been operating. Therefore the overrunning clutch 2|2, when the clutch ring 23| is in the neutral position, will always -be relaxed and held by the band |3|' from being loaded by the impositively driven runner |4'. Consequently in shifting the ring 23| and the teeth 232 forwardly for engaging the reverse train, the bevelling upon the front ends of the teeth 232 and upon the back ends of the teeth 266 as illustrated in Fig. l2 will result in the ring 261, the sleeve shaft 245 and the sun gear 230 being rotated clockwise as viewed from the front and as permitted by the overrunning clutch 2|2 when the teeth 232 and 266 are axially aligned at the time ofthis meshing operation. Since the sun gear 226 is held against rotation by the ferent speed ratio power trains individually establishable in driving relation between said motor and said load, a lower ratio of said trains including an overrunning clutch wherein there are partsrelatively rotatable in one direction to enable saidtrain to remain mobilized while a higher ratio of said trains is established and in operation and wherein'during the transmission of power through said lower ratio train one of said parts transmits force-to the other pursuant ,to tending to rotate relatively thereto in the direction opposite to that in which such relative rotation 'can occur, said lower ratio train also including complemental relatively rotatable toothed members meshable to mobilize said train, means connecting one of said toothed members for rotation 'with one of said clutch parts, cam means associated with said toothed members and operable incident to the meshing of said members for causing the one connected with said clutch part to rotate in the direction to cause said part to rotate in the one direction relatively to the other part, brake means for said other clutch part and operable to decelerate such part and to rotate the same in the direction' opposite to-normal to release lthe loading of said clutch and of said power train tol facilitate demeshing and remeshing of said toothed members, and means operable to control such operation of the including an overrunning clutch wherein the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable said train to remain mobilized during establishment and operation of the higher yratio train, said lower ratio train also including complemental relatively rotatable toothed members meshable to mobilize said trainI and causing demobilization thereof when demeshed, means connecting one of said toothed members for rotation with the overrunning clutch driven part, cam means associated with said toothed members and operable incident to the meshing of said members, when said overrunning clutch is relaxed, to cause the toothed member connected with the overrunning clutch driven part to rotate in the direction permitted by such clutch drive member and operable to rotate said f member in the direction opposite to normal against said. predominatable force transmitted through the coupling, and means operable coordinately with the closing of the engine throttle to cause such operation of the brake means whereby upon bringing the load to rest there is assurance of relaxation of said overrunning clutch to facilitate demeshing and remeshing of said toothed members.

3. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising relatively lower and higher speed ratio power trains alternatively establishable in driving relation between said coupling driven part and the load, a first overrunning clutch common to said trains, clutch means necessarily closed for the establishment of the higher ratio train and operable to demobilize the same, said lower ratio train including a second overrunning clutch wherein the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable said train to remain mobilized during establishment and operation of the higher ratio train, said lower ratio train also including complemental relatively rotatable `toothed members meshable to mobilize such train and demeshable to demobilize the same, means connecting one of said toothed members for rotation with the driven part of the first overrunning clutch, cam means associated with said toothed members and operable incident to the meshing thereof, when said 4first overrunning clutch is relaxed, to cause the toothed member connected with said overrunning clutch driven part to rotate in the direction permitted by said driven part as it overruns its complemental drive part, control means for the engine throttle and including a pedal pivotally mounted at its heel portion and operable upon release of its toe portion to substantially close said throttle, a pivot mount for the heel portion of said pedal and depressible by a manual force applied to such pedal heel portion, means operable by the depression of said pedal mount to open said clutch means and thus demobilize the higher ratio train and establish the lower ratio train through which the aforesaid predominatable force is then transv mittable to the load while the pedal toe portion i3 released for bringing the load to a stop and, whereby a tendency obtains to load the first of said overrunning clutches, brake means connected with the drive member of the first overrunning clutch and operable to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal against said 4predominatable force transmitted through the coupling, and means operable coordinately with such substantial closing of the engine throttle to cause said operation of the brake meansi- K whereby upon bringing the load to rest the first overrunning clutch will be relaxed to facilitate demeshing and remeshing of the toothed members controlling mobilization of the lower ratio train 4. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising forward and reverse drive power trains individually establishable in driving rela.- tion between the coupling driven part and said load, an overrunning clutch common to said trains and including drive and driven members of which force is transmitted from the drive to the driven member pursuant to the operation of either train, the forward train including force transmitting toothed members complementally meshable to mobilize said train and demeshable to demobilize the same, the reverse train also 1ncluding force transmitting toothed members complementally meshable to mobilize such reverse tra-in and demeshable to demobilize the same, means connecting said overrunning clutch driven member for rotation with one of the toothed members in each of said trains, cam" means respectively associated with each complemental organization of said toothed members and each cam means being operable incident to the meshing of its associated toothed members, when said overrunning clutch is relaxed, to cause the one thereof connected with the overrunning clutch driven member to rotate in the direction permitted by such driven member as it overruns its associated drive member, brake means associated with the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal against such force transmitted through the coupling, and means operable coordinately with the closing of the engine throttle to cause such operation of the brake means whereby upon bringing the load to rest said overrunning clutch will be relaxed to facilitate demeshing and meshing of either organization of said toothed members.

5. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which fpredominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising a power train wherein there is an overrunning clutch including drive and driven parts and gears complementally meshable to mobilize said train, one of said gears being drivingly connected with the driven part of said overrunning clutch, a second of the gears being rotatable independently of the one gear and also being rotatable independently oi' a third of said gears when unmeshed therewith but being axially movable into mutual mesh with the iirst and third gears, said third gear being for connection with the load and to be normally held, thereby against rotation when the load is at rest, the iirst and third gears each having teeth end portions in opposed relation with teeth end portions of the second gear, said first and third gears occupying different axial positions whereby the second gear is meshed with one of said first or third gears before the other, said teeth end portions on said other of the iirst or third gears having transverse bevelled end faces covering their entire ends and turned inA such direction that they cam coactively against said end portions of the second gear to impart rotation to the iirst gear in the direction 'permitted by said overrunning clutch driven member as it overruns its associated drive member, following meshing of the second gear and said one gear and incident to the initial meshing of the second gear andsaid other gear, brake means associated with the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to rotate said member inthe direction opposite n to normal against the predominatable ,force transmitted through the coupling, and means operable coordinately with the closing of the engine throttle to cause such operation of the brake means whereby upon bringing the .load to rest said overrunning clutch will be relaxed to facilitate demeshing and meshing of said gears.

6. In apparatus for drivingly connectingv a motor with a load, the combination of a changespeed transmission comprising a pluralityof different speed ratio power trains individually establishable in driving relation between said motor and said load, a lower ratio of said trains including meshable means effective to demobilize such train when demeshed and also including an overrunning clutch in which there are drive and driven members of which the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable such train to remain mobilized while a higher ratio train is established and in operation, brake means for said overrunning clutch drive member and operable to ydecelerate said member and to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal to insure the non-existence of load pressure between said clutch members and consequent relaxation of said lower ratio train following deceleration of said drive member to zero speed, and means operable to cause su h operation of the brake means.

7. The combination set forth in claim 6 and wherein there is means responsive to the condition of a higher ratio of saidpower trains and operable to preclude operation of said brake means while such higher ratio train is established.

8. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine with a load, the combination of a -change-speed transmission comprising a plurality of different speed ratio power s trains individually establishable in driving relation between'said engine and the load, a higher y ratio of said power trains including drive and driven parts for respective connection with the engine and the load and meshable to establish such power train when said drive part is decelerated to synchronism with said driven part, a lower ratio of said trains including meshable means effective to delnobilize such train when demeshed and also including an overrunningl clutch in which there are drive and driven members of which the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable such train to remain mobilized while the higher ratio train is established and in operation, brake means for said higher ratio power train drive part and for the overrunning clutch .drive member and operable to expedite deceleration of said part to synchronism with the driven part and also operable to decelerate said overrunning clutch drive member and operable to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal to insure release of said clutch members and consequent relaxation of said lower ratio train following deceleration oi said drive member to zero speed. and means in control of saidbrakes means and operable coordinately with the closing of said throttle to cause such operation of the brake means.

, 9. The combination set forth in claim 8 and wherein there is also means responsive to the condition of a higher ratio of said power trains and operable to preclude operation of said brake means while such higher ratio train is established.

10. The combination set forth in claim 8, wherein there is a pedal for controlling the engine throttle and wherein the means for causing the operation of said brake means is also under control of said pedal.

11. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine as to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising a plurality of diierent speed ratio power trains individually establishable in driving relation between said coupling driven part and said load, a lower ratio train of said trains including a jaw clutch disenga/geable to demobilize such train and also including an overrunning clutch in which there are drive and driven members of which the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable such train to remain mobilized while a higher ratio train is established and Vin operation, brake means connected with the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to decelerate said member when but a relatively small amount of torque is transmitted thereto through said coupling and to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal to insure release of said clutch members and consequent relaxation of said lower ratio train following deceleration of said drive member to zero speed, and means operable substantially concurrently with the closing of the engine throttle,

while said lower ratio power train is established,

to cause the aforesaidv operation of said brake means and thus facilitate disengagement of said jaw clutch for demobilizing said train.

12. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine as to an advanceable load'brakable for bringing it to a stop, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and adriven part t0. which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising relatively lower and higher speed ratio power trains alternatively establishable in driving relation between said coupling driven part and said load, the lower ratio train including a jaw clutch disengageable to demobilize such train and also inare drive and driven members of which the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member, to enable such train to remain mobilized while the higher ratio train is established and in operation, speed-responsive means drivable from said engine and for disconnecting the higher ratio train when operating at speeds below a certain minimum to establish the lower ratio train through which power is then transmittable to the load while the latter advances at a speed less than that at which the engine tends to drive the same through such lower ratio train as when lthe load is being braked for stopping, brake means connected with the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to decelerate said member when said predominatable force is transmitted thereto through the said coupling and to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal following deceleration thereof to zero speed, and means operable coordinately with the engine throttle and substantially' at the time of closure thereof in the normal stopping of the load to cause the aforesaid operation of said brake means to insure relaxation of the lower ratio train and thus facilitate disengagement of said jaw clutch for demobilizing said train.

13. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine of an engine-driven vehicle with the running gear wheels of such vehicle, the combination of a change-speed transmission wherein there are a plurality of power trains of diierent speed transmitting ratio individually establishable in driving relation between said engine and said wheels and of which at least one train is a cruising train having a ratio suitable for driving the vehicle at cruising speeds and of which at least another train of lower ratio than said cruising train is a starting train, said cruising train including drive and driven clutch parts respectively connected with said engine and said wheels and meshable, incident to a shift from the starting train into said cruising train, upon deceleration of the drive part to synchronism with the driven part -to establish the cruising train, synchronizer brake means associated with said clutch `drive part and operable to brake said part for decelerating the same as aforesaid, said starting train including meshable means effective to demobilize such train when demeshed and also including an overrunning clutch in which there are drive and driven members of which the driven member is adapted to overrun the drive member to enable said starting train to remain mobilized during establishment and operation of the cruising train, said synchronizer brake means being also associated with the drive member of said overrunning clutch and operable to decelerate said member and to rotate the same in the direction opposite to normal, following deceleration of said drive member to zero speed, to insure the non-existence of load pressure between said overrunning clutch members and consequent relaxation of said starting train to facilitate demeshing and remeshing of said meshable means, and means operable substantially concurrently with the closing of the engine throttle to effect operation of said synchronizer brake means.

14. In apparatus for drivingly connecting an engine with a load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which a predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive assale? part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising a plurality of different speed ratio power trains individually establishf able in driving relation between said driven part and said load, a low ratio of said trains including an overrunning clutch wherein there are members relatively rotatable in one direction to enable said train to remain mobilized while a higher ratio of said trains is established and in operation and wherein during the transmission of power through said lower ratio train one of said members transmits force to the other pursuant to tending to rotate relatively thereto in the direction opposite to that in which such relative rotation can occur, said lower ratio train also including force transmitting means having complemental relatively rotatable toothed members meshable to mobilize said train, means connecting one of said toothed members with one of said overrunning clutch members to transmit force between said overrunning clutch and said force transmitting means during operation oi' the low ratio train, brake means for the other of said overrunning clutch members and operable to decelerate such member and to rotate the same in the direction opposite to that in which it is urged to rotate by the aforesaid predominatable force applied to said driven part. to release the loading of said overrunning clutch and thus facilitate demeshing of said toothed members, and means operable to control such oper-v ation of the brake means.

15. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising relatively lower and higher speed ratio power trains alternatively establishable in driving relation between said coupling driven part and the load, said lower ratio train including an overrunning clutch wherein the driven member is adapted to overrun the,drive member to enable said train to remainmobilized during establishment and operation of the higher ratio train, said lower ratio train also including com@ plemental relatively rotatable toothed members meshable to mobilize said train and causing demobilization thereof when demeshed, means connecting one of said toothed members for rotation with the overrunning clutch driven part. means for disconnecting the higher ratio train to establish the lower ratio train through which the aforesaid predominatable force is then transmittable to the load as when the load is being brought to rest whereby a tendency obtains to maintain the overrunning clutch loaded and thus ofler resistance to the demeshing of said toothed members, brake means connected with the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to rotate said member in the direction opposite to normal against said predominatable force transmitted through said coupling, and means operable coordinately with the closing of the engine throttle to cause such operation of the brake means whereby upon bringing the load to rest there is assurance of relaxation of said overrunning clutch t facilitate demeshing of said toothed members.

16. In apparatus for drivingly connecting a throttle-controlled engine to an advanceable load, the combination of a coupling comprising a drive part drivable from said engine and a driven part to which predominatable driving force is transmitted from the drive part at slow speeds of the latter, a change-speed transmission comprising forward and reverse drive power trains individually establishabie in driving relation be-y tween the coupling driven part and said load, an overrunning clutch common to said trains and including drive and driven members of which force is transmitted from the drive to the driven member pursuant to the operation of either train. the forward train comprising force transmitting means including toothed members com- .pIementally meshable to mobilize said train and demeshable to demobilize the same, the reverse train also comprising force. transmitting means including toothed members complementaliy meshable to mobilize such reverse train and demeshable to demobilize the same, means connecting the .overrunnins clutch driven member with one of the toothed membersin each of said trains to transmit force from said overrunniniz clutch thereto, brake means for the overrunning clutch drive member and operable to decelerate said member and rotate the same in opposition to said predominatable force. to release the load` ing of said overrunning clutch and of the mobilized of said trains and thus facilitate demeshing of the toothed members in the force transmitting means thereof, and means operable to control such operation of the brake means.

17. The combination set forth in claim 16. and wherein said control means for the operation of the brake means is operable coordinately with the closing of the engine throttle and to cause operation of the brake means.

oscan Hl Bama. 

